Social Movements. Major social movements emerged in most of Latin America in response to the economic crisis of the 1990's and early 2000's. The most successful were found in Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Argentina and Bolivia...
Zapatistas (Mexico)
EZLN Mexico witnessed a series of localized rebellions and mass uprisings against the neo-liberal regimes dominating Mexico. In 1994, the Zapatista National Liberal Army (EZLN), based in the Indian communities of rural Chiapas, temporarily succeeded in gaining control of several towns and cities. An unstable truce was declared, frequently violated by the government, in which an isolated EZLN continued to exist confined to a remote area in the state of Chiapas.
Zapatistas
Sandirisimo (Nicaragua)
1979 was the year that Nicaragua was seized power by the Sandinismo. They build resistance alliance against the dictator Somaza. Mexico, Venezuela and Panama helped the Sandinistas defeated Somoza in the popular uprising.
'Partido Socialist' de Argentina
In December 2001, the people of Buenos Aires staged a massive popular uprising in front of the Presidential palace with the demonstrators taking over the Congress.
The strongest relationship between a severe economic crisis and a mass popular rebellion took place in Argentina in December 19-20, 2001 and continued throughout 2002.After two years of mass mobilizations and confrontation, the movements, facing an impasse in resolving the crisis, turned toward politics and elected Peronist Kirchner in the 2003 Presidential campaign.
'The Rural Landless Workers Movement (MST)' from Brazil
With over 300,000 active members and over 350,000 peasant families settled in co-operatives throughout the country, represented the biggest and best organized social movement in Latin America. They organizing mass ‘land occupations', which settled hundreds of thousands of landless rural workers.
'Chavez' from Venezuela
Major popular revolts in 1989 and 1992 culminated in the election of Hugo Chavez in 1999. Social movement activity and membership flourished, as the government extended its social welfare. While the ruling class continues to control certain key economic sectors and highly-paid officials in the state sector retain powerful levers over the economy, the Chavez government and the mass popular movements have maintained the initiative in advancing the struggle throughout the decade from the late 1990's into the first decade of the new millennium.
'Fidel Castro' de Cuba
Castro is a controversial and highly divisive world figure, being lauded as a champion of anti-imperialism, humanitarianism, socialism and environmentalism by his supporters, but his critics have accused him of being a dictator whose authoritarian administration has overseen multiple human abuse rights. He led the transformation of Cuba into a socialist republic, nationalizing industry, introducing free healthcare and education, and raising the standard of living.
Fidel and Che. He is el Che Guevara, was a physician, author, Guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution. Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new Cuban government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolution.
This Comic Strip is showing that the model Earth is no-where near the same as the real earth. The model earth is nice and pretty. It doesn't show what's really happening. She's indicating that "Real Earth" has many more problems and ugly things. Such as Global warming, Debt, Unemployment, Government issues, Poverty, Criminals, etc. For example, South America and North American are having many problems that aren't being solved and thats making the issue bigger and bigger if it doesn't get resolved or at least helped.
Frida is the best known painter of all Latin American women artists. Frida had 2 life changing accidents. A serious bout of polio and a traffic accident at age 8, due to these accidents she started paintings of pain and illness. Most of he self-portraits address pain and bodily multination. Kahlo's word challenged the representation of the female body in art. It shows that the fame body is not an object of beauty and consumption. Other than painting herself, many other paintings have wider examination of issues. Such as contrasting cultures, lifestyles of the neighbouring countries etc.
"Diego in my thoughts" Diego's miniature head on Frida's fore head shows me that she has an obsessive love for the fresco painter, Diego Rivera. That he is constantly in her thoughts.
"Flower of Love" "Frida saw flowers as a symbol of sexuality and mixed feelings." I'm guessing she's projecting her feelings in this painting.
"Few Small Nips" "Broken-hearted over her husband's affair with her younger sister Cristina" I'm guessing Frida recreated her sorrow and anger in this painting. Her own pain being too great to depict, she projected it onto another woman's misfortune.
This famous Mexican muralist was one of the greatest renowned mexican mural artists. Rivera was Frida Kahlo's husband. River mostly interpreted mexican history and mexican revolution. Mexican history, the oppression of the indigenous people and post-revolutionary society. He was well known for huge murals in public buildings in Mexico City, he painted landscapes, portraits and indigenous subjects. He brought Mexican art to many international audiences. He believed that art should help empower the working classes to understand their histories. That art should be open for everyone, to be was to access rather than being locked up in museums and galleries. Rivera was also a member of the communist party from 1923 until his death. He was political activist who incited debated in Mexico, the United States and the former Soviet Union.
Diego Rivera's Paintings.
Nude with Calla Lillies orDesnudo con alcatraces(1944) From what I see, this painting shows sense of purity (due to her nakedness), tranquility (from the white pure flowers) and beauty in its mysterious.
Man at the Crossroads (1934) This painting includes many different parts. Its shows Society, women drinking alcohol, picture of cells, and Leon Trotsky. This portrait was made for the Rockefellers Center in New York City.
Allegory of California (1930) This painting was for the stock exchange. If it was made for the Stock exchange, I would assume it would going for the Economy.
Brazilian dance and music genre originating in Bahia and with its roots in Brazil (Rio De Janeiro) and Africa by the West African slave trade and African religious traditions. The Brazilian musical style and dance emerged around the 1920s. Samba was most popular with the While Middle Class in the 30s. Samba descended from the "Batuque" a percussive accompaniment to the circle dance performed by African Slaves on Brazil's Colonal Plantations. Samba is mostly played and danced in Rio de Janeiro. The samba is played by strings (various types of guitars) and various percussion instruments such as tamborim. Influenced by American orchestras in vogue since the World War II and the cultural impact of US music post-war, samba began to use trombones, trumpets, chorus, flutes and clarinets.
Bolero
A slow- tempo Latin Music and its associated dance and song.There are Spanish and Cuban forms which are both significant and which have separate origins. The bolero is a 3/4 dance that originated in Spain in the late 18th century, a combination of the contradanza and the sevillana. Dancer Sebastino Carezo is credited with inventing the dance in 1780. It is danced by either a soloist or a couple. The Cuban bolero tradition originated in Santiago de Cuba in the last quarter of the 19th century. The Cuban bolero has traveled to Mexico and the rest of Latin America after its conception.
Salsa
Salsa Music is a general term referring to what is essentially Cuban popular dance music which was internationalized outside Cuba.The term "Salsa" was initially recorded, promoted and marketed in New York City during the 1970s. Salsa means 'Sauce' in the Spanish Language, and carries connotations of the spiciness common in Latin and Caribbean cuisine.In the 20th century, salsa acquired a musical meaning in both English and Spanish.
Danzon
Genre and dance of Cuba. It is also an active musical form in Mexico and is still beloved in Puerto Rico. The danzón evolved from the Cuban Habanera. Originally, the contradanza was of English origin and was most likely introduced by three different ways to Cuba in 1762 with the invasion of the British to Havana, Spanish colonists, and French colonists (who were fleeing the Haitian Revolution of 1791 to 1804).In Cuba, these dances were influenced by African rhythmic and dance styles and so became a genuine fusion of European and African influences.
Cumbia
Colombian and Panamanian music genre popular throughout Latin America. The Cumbia originated in Colombia's Caribbean coastal region, from the musical and cultural fusion of Native Colombians, slaves brought it from Africa, and the Spanish during colonial times. Cumbia began as a coutship dance practiced among the African slave population, which was later mixed with European instruments and musical characteristics.
Mariachi
This genre originated from Mexico. The mariachi ensemble generally consists of violins, trumpets, a classical guitar, a vihuela, a guitarron and a harp (sometimes). Mariachis play at events such as weddings and formal occasions such as quinceaneras (a girl's fifteenth birthday celebration), they are often used to serenade women because many of the songs have romantic lyrics.
Mambo
musical form and dance style that developed originally in Cuba and then later in Mexico. The word "mambo" means "conversation with the gods" in Kikongo, the language spoken by Central American slaves taken to Cuba. Back in the 1930s, Cuban music was heavily influenced by Danzon. THis music style, which appeared in the late 19th century, bore lots of similarities to the original and melodic Cuban Danza. The 1950s and the 60s saw the golden years of Mambo. Nevertheless, those golden years were rapidly overcome by the development of Salsa, a new crossover experiment that borrowed elements form different Afro-latin rhythms like 'Son', Charanga, and of course Mambo.
Merengue
Type of music and dance from the Dominican Republic. It is popular in the Dominican Republic and all over Latin America. Its name is Spanish, taken from the name of the meringue, a dessert made from whipped egg whites and sugar. Merengue was created by Ñico Lora, a Dominican of Spanish descent, in the 1920s. In the Dominican Republic it was promoted by Rafael Trujillo, the dictator from the 1930 to 1961, and became the country's national music and dance style.
Norteño
The norteño genre is popular in both Mexico and the United States, especially among the Mexican community. Though originating from rural areas, norteño is popular in urban as well as rural areas. Many norteño artists have become widely popular among the Mexican-American community. Local radio stations have continued to be a major influence in popularizing Norteño.
Vallenato
Vallenato along with cumbia, is currently a popular folk music of Colombia. It primarily comes from the Colombia's Caribbean region. Vallenato literally means "born in the valley". This form of music originated from farmers who, keeping a tradition of Spanish, mixed also with the West African-inherited tradition. Vallenato became popular in the Early 1900s in Colombia's Caribbean region.
Tango
Tango is a style of ballroom dance music in 2/4 or 4/4 time that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay. Early tango was played by immigrants in Buenos Aires, where many argue the tango was born. By the end of the 19th century, this blend of salon, European and African Music was heard throughout metropolitan Buenos Aires.
Ranchera
Genre of the traditional music of Mexico originally sung by only one performer with a guitar. It dates to the years of the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century. It later became closely associated with the mariachi groups. Rural traditional folk music, ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period. Ranchera music has been around since the 1930s till present day, & with a very popular all around Latin America.
(Spanish for "three-milk cake") It is a sponge cake soaked in three kinds of milk, topped off with a cloud of whipped cream or meringue. In some parts of Central America, the cake is soaked in a mixture of water, rum or brandy, and sugar to create a "pastel borracho" ("drunken cake"). In the Caribbean, cream of coconut is occasionally substituted for condensed milk. Extremely popular in Latin America. In the 1870's, evaporated milk came out where they would heat the milk in the can to prevent spoiling so adding the sugar used in condensed milk would be unnecessary. The cake itself became popular in the early 1900's. The origin of tres leches is debatable. Most historians think Nicaragua with coming up with the cake. Others are willing to give the credit to Mexico since it had recipes similar to that of tres leches. What all historians agree on, is that the recipe originated somewhere in Latin America. Tres leches cake is particularly popular in Nicaragua, Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guatemala.
'Ojala que Llueva Cafe en el Campo" - Juan Luis Guerra
Ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo
que caiga un aguacero de yuca y te' del cielo una "jarina" de queso blanco y al Sur una montan~a de berro y miel
Oh,... Ojala' que llueva cafe'
Ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo peinar un alto cerro de trigo y mapuey bajar por la colina de arroz graneado y continuar el arado con tu querer
Oh,...
Ojala' el oton~o en vez de hojas secas vista mi cosecha de petit-sale' sembrar una llanura de batata y fresas ojala' que llueva cafe'
Pa que en el conuco no se sufra tanto, ay ombe ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo pa que en Villa Va'squez oigan este canto ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo
Ojala' que llueva cafe', ojala'a que llueva, ay ombe ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo, ojala' que llueva cafe'
Ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo sembrar un alto cerro de trigo y mapuey bajar por la colina de arroz graneado y continuar el arado con tu querer
Oh,...
Ojala' el oton~o en vez de hojas secas vista mi cosecha de petit-sale' sembrar una llanura de batata y fresas ojala' que llueva cafe'
Pa que en el conuco no se sufra tanto, oye ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo pa que en Los Montones oigan este canto ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo
Ojala' que llueva, ojala' que llueva, ay ombe ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo Ojala' que llueva cafe'
Pa que tos los nin~os canten en el campo ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo pa que en La Romana oigan este canto ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo
Ay, ojala' que llueva, ojala' que llueva, ay ombe ojala' que llueva cafe' en el campo Ojala' que llueva cafe
____
'Ojala que Llueva Cafe en el Campo"
- Juan Luis Guerra
Juan Luis Guerra is From
Dominican Republic.
The song was released in 1990. Juan Luis Guerra chose to
do this song Merengue.
Llegó a convertirse en el segundo disco más vendido en América Latina.
"Que caiga un aguacero de yuca y
té, Del cielo una jarina de queso
blanco , Y al sur una montaña de berro y miel, oh, oh, oh-oh-oh, ojalá que llueva
café".
La canción "Ojalá que llueva Café" muestra las necesidades del pueblo Latino Americano. Nowadays, there are about 240 million individuals living under the poverty line.
Almost half the population of Latin America must live with less than two dollars per day.
The word "Cafe" symbolizes
their hope, their needs, their blessings. "Ojalá que llueva cafe en
el campo" puede representar muchas cosas, fuerzas, alimento,
felicidad, animo, paz, amor, etc. More than ten percent of all new-born children in the poorest countries in Latin America died within their first year of life. Juan Luis Guerra desea que Dios mande Su bendición de los cielos a su Pueblo.To say that God might bless them with
their basic necessities, to help them from their hunger, struggle and
sorrow. "Y continuar el arado con Tu
querer" ...'Tu' = Dios Esto muestra que quiere seguir en el
camino con Dios, estar bendecido y ser cuidado por El. Para que no halla pobreza y no halla
escasez. Que halla Abundancia y
Prosperidad. The basic meaning is Esperanza. La palabra "Llover"
significa Nueva Vida. Que Llueva. El Muestra que estando con Dios
cambia vidas. Te Renueva, Da esperanza y Da
Crecimiento. It tells about the hopes of the poor, especially in the country (Dominican Republic). Poverty is one of the most serious structural problems in Latin America. Political and economic transformation cost too much for Latin American countries so they are unable to fix themselves or at least to stay stable. 40 percent of all households in Latin America lived under the 'linea de probreza'.The main problems for the rural poor are a lack of food and missing of supported health- and education systems. The urban poors´ big issue is finding a regular and sufficiently paid job. The song gives them hope that it rains not only water, they hope they get the food they need at least to survive. The a lot of poverty in Dominican Republic. If it would rain Coffee there would be a better environment, better system, better education and our health would improve.
Yo creo que eso es lo que quiere todo el mundo. En ese sentido, el café es un grano muy preciado, un líquido apetecible, si llueve café es símbolo de que las cosas van major. It is a wish for a successful harvest, the rain is one of the elements which contribute to that desired outcome. Then there would be plenty of crops to gather, instead of 'hojas secas', in the Autumn, and they would not be suffering for the farmers.
All in All, Juan Luis Guerra came up with a song that gives people knowledge about Latin American's poverty and their hope. Its also a great Merengue song to listen to.
Que llueva cafe = Que llueva fruto, growth, alimento.
